Computing machinery and intelligence

- COMPUTING MACHINERY AND INTELLIGENCE
- A. M. Turing
- https://www.csee.umbc.edu/courses/471/papers/turing.pdf
- The Imitation Game
	○ Three players, A, B, C
		§ C wants to tell the gender of A,B by teletypers 
		§ A can tell lies, B wants to help C win
	○ The reader must accept it as a fact that digital computers can be constructed, and indeed have been constructed, according to the principles we have described, and that they can in fact mimic the actions of a human computer very closely. 
	○ Even when we consider the actual physical machines instead of the idealised machines, reasonably accurate knowledge of the state at one moment yields reasonably accurate knowledge any number of steps later. 
	○ This special property of digital computers, that they can mimic any discrete-state machine, is described by saying that they are universal machines. The existence of machines with this property has the important consequence that, considerations of speed apart, it is unnecessary to design various new machines to do various computing processes. They can all be done with one digital computer, suitably programmed for each case. It 'ill be seen that as a consequence of this all digital computers are in a sense equivalent. 
	○ Likewise according to this view the only way to know that a man thinks is to be that particular man. 
	○ Processes that are learnt do not produce a hundred per cent certainty of result; if they did they could not be unlearnt. 
	○ We can only see a short distance ahead, but we can see plenty there that needs to be done.